@article{Olson_Windels_Moen_McCann_2017, title={MOOSE MODIFY BED SITES IN RESPONSE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES}, volume={52}, url={https://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/171}, abstractNote={Moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) employ physiological and behavioral mechanisms to enable them to dissipate excess heat when ambient temperature is above the upper critical temperature of their thermoneutral zone. In this note, we describe 2 cases where GPS radio-collared female moose modified summer bed sites as a potential thermoregulatory response to high temperatures. The first case occurred on 18 - 21 July 2011 when ambient temperatures averaged 25 °C (8 °C above the upper critical temperature of moose) and reached 32 °C and 96% relative humidity. Based on field observations of the bed site immediately after use, the moose cleared litter and duff to expose 3 m<sup>2</sup> of mineral soil under a closed-canopy balsam fir (<em>Abies balsamea</em>) stand. The moose spent 64% of the time bedded during a 4-day event, with ≤11 individual bedding events in the same bed site. A second case was observed on 5 July 2013 during similar weather conditions (29 °C and 70% relative humidity) when a different moose cleared a bed site and used it continuously for 10 hours.}, journal={Alces: A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Management of Moose}, author={Olson, Bryce T. and Windels, Steve K. and Moen, Ron A. and McCann, Nicholas P.}, year={2017}, month={Mar.}, pages={153–160} }