EFFECTS OF CONIFER RELEASE WITH HERBICIDES ON MOOSE: BROWSE PRODUCTION, HABITAT USE, AND RESIDUES IN MEAT
Abstract
Six studies, 5 in spruce plantations and 1 in a naturally regenerated spruce-fir stand, have examined the effects of conifer release with herbicides on moose browse production and habitat use. Both were reduced in plantations and naturally regenerated spruce-fir stands for up to 4 growing seasons after treatment. Only 1 study, in a naturally regenerated stand, examined long-term effects, and there forage production on all treated areas exceeded production on controls 8 growing seasons after treatment. Although feeding studies and residues in digestive tracts show that animals consume some glyphosate while feeding, herbicides were not found in the flesh of game animals (moose, dear, hare) taken from within or near areas released with glyphosate.
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