REPRODUCTION AND MORTALITY OF MOOSE TRANSLOCATED FROM ONTARIO TO MICHIGAN

Abstract

Twenty-five bull moose (Alces alces) and 36 cow moose were translocated from Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario to Marquette County, Michigan in 1985 and 1987. Mortality-sensing radio-collars enabled biologists to census calves and perform necropsies on dead animals. Total calf production was 122 animals during 1985-89. Average percentage of adult cows with calves was 78%. Average birth rate was 107 calves per 100 adult cows (range 71-124). Average twinning rate for adult cows was 37% (range 24%-69%). Average survival of calves through their first winter was 82%. The postpartum population during 1985-89 was 47, 49, 103, 124, and 128 moose, respectively. Fifty percent Of the trans located cows and 32% of the translocated bulls died by 30 September 1989. Brainworm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) was the leading cause of death, accounting for 13 (38%) of 34 deaths. A study of winter bedding sites is also reviewed.