MORPHOLOGY OF THE BELL IN RELATION TO SEX AND AGE OF MOOSE (ALCES ALCES)
Abstract
The bell is a conspicuous and unique structure hanging beneath the lower jaw of both male and female moose Alces alces L. Sexual dimorphism is seen in the shape and size of the bell. Males demonstrate the greatest development and variation with the longest bells found generally on bulls 2-4 years old. The dewlap portion of the male bell broadens and the tail portion shortens with increased age. These morphological changes result partially from the loss of all or a portion of the bell tail, probably by freezing. Females generally possess a shorter, less conspicuous bell than males. Bells on females older than 3.5 years change little in appearance with increasing age and are similar morphologically to bells on yearling males. We suggest bell size and shape may be useful as an indicator of sex and relative age especially during the antlerless period.
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